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	<title>jason schaefer &#187; hardware</title>
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		<title>* Flashing a BIOS update using only free tools (FreeDOS, etc)</title>
		<link>http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/209</link>
		<comments>http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/209#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:52:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jason</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[documentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bios]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gpl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unzip]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[update]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wodim]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jasonschaefer.com/?p=209</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The wonderful world of motherboard BIOS updates, is still old fashioned. Updates are often still built for Microsoft Windows environments. Often requiring MS DOS. Those of us who don&#8217;t have DOS, a floppy drive, an install of Windows 98 to create a bootable floppy, cheesy Pâté, or MS Windows for that matter &#8230;.. Here is <a href='http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/209'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The wonderful world of motherboard BIOS updates, is still old fashioned. Updates are often still built for Microsoft Windows environments. Often requiring MS DOS. Those of us who don&#8217;t have DOS, a floppy drive, an install of Windows 98 to create a bootable floppy, cheesy Pâté, or MS Windows for that matter &#8230;.. Here is a way one can flash that BIOS of your mobo using, our favorite free software licensed, operating systems and tools.</p>
<p>DISCLAIMER: Don&#8217;t attempt this unless you know what you are doing. I have never had problems doing this, BUT many things can go wrong and you CAN easily &#8220;brick&#8221; your hardware. Proceed at your own risk!!</p>
<p>We will be using <a href="http://www.freedos.org/">FreeDOS</a>, a wonderfully free and royalty exempt Microsoft DOS compatible operating system. Licensed under the General Public License (GPL).<br />
Note: As usual, my posts require some knowledge of the command line.</p>
<pre class="brush:plain">
wget http://www.fdos.org/bootdisks/autogen/FDOEM.144.gz
gunzip FDOEM.144.gz
mkdir floppy
sudo mount -o loop FDOEM.144 floppy/
ls floppy
</pre>
<p>you should see these files:<br />
AUTOEXEC.BAT  COMMAND.COM  CONFIG.SYS  KERNEL.SYS  README  sys.com</p>
<p>Download your BIOS update file from the manufacturer or vendor.<br />
Note: Sometimes, the update will be distributed as a .exe (Windows Executable) file. Most likely it will actually be a compressed zip archive. You can use unzip to extract the .exe file.</p>
<p>Download the update using wget, then unzip the resulting image file &#8220;FDOEM.144&#8243; into the mounted folder: &#8220;floppy/&#8221;</p>
<pre class="brush:plain">
wget http://path-to-your-bios-update/BIOS_UPDATE.zip
sudo unzip BIOS_UPDATE.zip -d floppy/
</pre>
<p>In this case, the following files are extracted from the BIOS_UPDATE.zip file:<br />
inflating: BIOS.WPH<br />
inflating: OEMPHL.EXE<br />
inflating: OPTIONS.BAT<br />
inflating: PHLASH16.EXE<br />
inflating: releasenotes.txt<br />
inflating: 1.BAT</p>
<p>now, move to the previous directory (cd ..), and un-mount the FDOEM.144 image:</p>
<pre class="brush:plain">
cd ..
sudo umount floppy/
</pre>
<p>generate the iso image:</p>
<pre class="brush:plain">
genisoimage -o flashboot.iso -b FDOEM.144 FDOEM.144
</pre>
<p>Now burn flashboot.iso to CD using wodim:</p>
<pre class="brush:plain">
wodim flashboot.iso
</pre>
<p>Now you can boot from that cd and run your flash utility!! Read the BIOS update instructions on how to do this.. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>* Transition away from MBR to GPT booting</title>
		<link>http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/190</link>
		<comments>http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/190#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 06:44:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jason</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[documentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bios]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EFI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gpt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grub]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grub-install]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grub2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lenny]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parted]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[partition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jasonschaefer.com/?p=190</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently, I was installing debian on a new server and grub2 would not install gave me this error: &#8220;This GPT partition label has no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won&#8217;t be possible! grub-setup: error: Embedding is not possible, but this is required when the root device is on a RAID array or LVM volume.&#8221; Of course, <a href='http://jasonschaefer.com/archives/190'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recently, I was installing debian on a new server and grub2 would not install gave me this error:</p>
<p>&#8220;This GPT partition label has no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won&#8217;t be possible! grub-setup: error: Embedding is not possible, but this is required when the root device is on a RAID array or LVM volume.&#8221;</p>
<p>Of course, it being grub2, I jumped to the conclusion that grub2 was the problem. I installed legacy grub and got nowhere.<br />
Doing the usual<br />
grub&gt; root (hd0,0)<br />
grub&gt; setup (hd0)<br />
produces this error:<br />
&#8220;file /boot/grub/stage1 not read correctly&#8221;</p>
<p>No matter what I did, it would not install. So, I went back to the original message and gave grub2 its due process. Turns out this Dell T410 uses GPT (GUID Partition Table) which is an extension of EFI. The &#8220;BIOS Boot Partition&#8221; is an actual partition on the hard drive. Grub2 embeds the core.img (multiboot boot kernel) into this BIOS boot partition instead of the MBR.<br />
Here are two great resources on this subject:<br />
<a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/index.html"> http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/index.html</a> and<br />
<a href="http://grub.enbug.org/BIOS_Boot_Partition">http://grub.enbug.org/BIOS_Boot_Partition</a></p>
<p><strong>So, the solution:</strong><br />
I had to re-install Debian with a small partition. Apparently it can be under a few hundred KiB. Space is cheap and I didn&#8217;t want to have more problems, so I made mine 5MB and put it at the beginning of the disk. In the Debian partitioner, set the partition under &#8220;use as:&#8221; to &#8220;<strong>Reserved BIOS boot area</strong>&#8220;. Then continue with the rest of your partitions and install. Grub2 installed with no problems this time!</p>
<p>If using an older version of Debian, lenny (v5) or older. The &#8220;use as:&#8221; does not have an option for Reserved BIOS boot area. So, I booted into expert install mode, when you get to &#8220;Load installed components from CD&#8221; select parted. This will install parted in the install environment. Before you get to detect disks, do ctrl+alt+f2. On the command line you can manually create a bios boot area.</p>
<p>The following parted commands.</p>
<pre class="brush: plain">parted -a optimal /dev/sda mkpart 1 1 6</pre>
<p>The above command creates the first (1) partition from 1MB of the drive to 6MB. -a optimal sets the block alignment for best performance. If you start the partition at 0 the alignment is wrong and parted will Warn: &#8220;The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel?&#8221;</p>
<pre class="brush: plain">parted /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on</pre>
<p>This sets /dev/sda1 as GPT grub bios partition. This partition will be found and used by grub on install.</p>
<p>Now, ctrl+alt+f1, and continue the install. Select manual partitioning and be sure not to delete the primary partition (gpt, grub bios) when creating your new partitions.</p>
<p>Do this to all drives in a raid!</p>
<p>After you boot into the fresh install, you can manually install to the other disks.</p>
<pre class="brush: plain">grub-install /dev/sdb</pre>
<p>Now its installed on sda and sdb. In case sda fails, it should be able to boot from sdb.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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